In electronic circuit theory, a "ground" is usually idealized as an infinite source or sink for charge, which can absorb an unlimited amount of current without changing its potential. An electrical ground system should have an appropriate current-carrying capability to serve as an adequate zero-voltage reference level. In some telegraph and power transmission circuits, the ground itself can be used as one conductor of the circuit, saving the cost of installing a separate return conductor (see single-wire earth return and earth-return telegraph).įor measurement purposes, the Earth serves as a (reasonably) constant potential reference against which other potentials can be measured.
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In electric power distribution systems, a protective earth (PE) conductor is an essential part of the safety provided by the earthing system.Ĭonnection to ground also limits the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or electrostatic-sensitive devices. Connecting exposed parts to ground will allow circuit breakers (or RCDs) to interrupt power supply in the event of a fault. If internal insulation fails, dangerous voltages may appear on the exposed conductive parts. Exposed conductive parts of electrical equipment are connected to ground, to protect users from electrical shock hazard.
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In electrical engineering, ground or earth is a reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.Įlectrical circuits may be connected to ground for several reasons. Most electrical codes specify that the insulation on protective earthing conductors must be a distinctive color (or color combination) not used for any other purpose.
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A typical earthing electrode (left of gray pipe), consisting of a conductive rod driven into the ground, at a home in Australia.